Classwork Series and Exercises {Computer – JSS2}: Computer Data Conversion

Computer Science SS2 Second Term

Week 2

Topic: Computer Data Conversion II

Computer Data Conversion

BUS: A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire optical fibre) and ware including communication protocols. A bus is a transmission path on which signals are dropped off or picked up at every device attached to the line.
A bus, in computing is a set of physical connections (cables, printed circuits etc.) which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with one another. The purpose of bus is to reduce the number of pathways needed for communication between the components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel.

Early computer buses were parallel electrical wires with multiple connections, but the term is now used for physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus. Modern computer buses can use both parallel and serial connections and can be wired in either a multitrip and electrical parallel and or falsy main topology or connected by switch hubs as in the case of USB.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BUS

1. A bus is characterized by the amount of information that can be transmitted at once.
2. Width is used to refer to the number of bits that a bus can transmit at once.
3. Frequency is the speed of the bus, which is the number of data packets sent or received per second. It is expressed in Hertz (Hz).
4. Cycle is the each time that data is sent or received.
5. Transfer speed is the amount of data which it can transport per unit of time. It is the product of width and frequency.

TYPES OF BUS

1. Control Bus
2. Address Bus
3. Data Bus

A bus enables a computer processor to communicate with the memory or video card . A bus is  capable of being a parallel or serial bus and today all computers utilize the two types of bus an internal or local bus and an external bus also called expansion bus.

The internal bus, also known as internal data bus, memory bus, system bus or Front-Side-Bus, connects all the internal components of a computer, such as CPU and memory, to the motherboard. Internal data buses are also referred to as a local bus, because they are intended to connect to local devices.

BUS SUB-ASSEMBLY

Each bus is generally constituted of 50 to 100 physical lines, divided into three sub-assemblies which are:

(i)  Address bus (sometimes called memory bus) transports memory addresses which the processor wants to access in order to read or write data. It is unidirectional bus.

(ii)  Data bus transfers instructions coming from or going to the processor. It is bidirectional bus.

(iii)  Control bus (or command bus) transports orders and synchronisation signals coming from the control unit and travelling to all other hardware components. It is bidirectional bus, as it also transmits response signals from the hardware.

PRIMARY BUS

There are two buses within a computer;

Internal bus (also known as front – side bus (FSB)) allows the processor to communicate with the system’s central memory (RAM).

Expansion bus (also known as input/output bus) allows various motherboard components to communicate with one another. However, it is mainly used to add new devices using what are called expansion slots connected to the input/output.

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