Topic: Water
Contents
- Structure of Water
- Causes and Removal of Hardness of Water
- Water Purification
- Distilled Water
1. A water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
2. Two lone-pair electrons from the oxygen atom make two lobes of negative density in the overall molecule
3. Large dipole moment—gives 33% ionic character to O-H bonds
4. Large polarizability
5. The H-O-H angle is 104.3 degree
The structure of water contributes tremendously to its unique properties. Water has two Hydrogen atoms attached to an Oxygen atom give it some partial charges due to Oxygen’s great electro-negativity. These partial charges are what make it possible for water to form hydrogen bonds.
It is also due to its bent shape, due to the two lone pairs of electrons, which allow it to have this dipole moment. If it was linear, then it would not contain a dipole because both individual dipole’s would be pulling against each other, thus canceling. Thanks to the electron pairs and their repulsions, water is in a bent shape, and the polarity is allowed to exist.
Test for Water
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