Skeleton
The bones which support and protect the human body and its organs make up the skeletal system. Skeleton is a bony structure which gives animals support.
Parts of Mammalian Skeleton
There are 2 main parts of mammalian skeleton namely;
Axial: This is made up of vertebrate coloum, ribs, sternum and skull.
Appendicular: It contains pelvic and pectoral girdles from limbs, hind limbs and their parts.
Parts of Vertebral Column
|
Bone |
Region |
Number |
|
Cervical |
Neck |
7 |
|
Thoracic |
Chest |
12 |
|
Lumber |
Upper abdomen region |
5 |
Types of Skeleton
There are 3 types of skeleton namely;
· Endo Skeleton: It is the skeleton found inside the body of animals. e.g. human beings and other animals
· Exo Skeleton: This is the skeleton found outside the body of some organisms. e.g. insects and worms.
· Hydro Static Skeleton: It is the skeleton found in soft bodied animals like the earthworm.
Functions of Skeleton
· It gives the body rigidity and support
· They protect delicate organs in the body
· They give the body definite shape
. They allow free movement of the body and limbs (locomotion).
Tests and Exercises
1. Earthworm exhibits which type of skeleton? (a) Exo skeleton (b) Hydro static skeleton (c) Endo skeleton. Answer: Hydro static
2. Where is ‘caudal’ located in the vertebral column? (a) tail (b) neck (c) Chest (d) upper region. Answer: Tail
3. Pelvic and pectoral girdles can be found in the (a) Axial skeleton (b) Appendicular Skeleton (c) None of the above. Answer: Appendicular skeleton.
4. Lumber can be found at which region of the body? (a) Upper abdomen (b) Chest (c) neck (d) Lower abdomen. Answer: Upper abdomen.
5. An example of axial skeleton is the (a) limbs (b) pelvic (c) Pectoral (d) Skull. Answer: Skull
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