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JSS2 English Language Third Term: Sounds and Past Perfect Tense

 

The /i:/ sound

The /i:/ sound is always spelled ‘ee’ or ‘ea’, but in some other ways also. Say the following:

need     meat     chief      police

meet    please    piece    machine

green   these     believe  deceive

The following words contain the /I/ sound , which is usually spelled “i”. Say them

is             did          this          fit

quick     which     with         give

little      bitter      politics     philip

Language Structure: Prefix and Suffix

Prefix 
prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For example, the word “unhappy” consists of the prefix “un-” [fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][which means “not”] combined with the root (stem) word “happy”; the word “unhappy” means “not happy.”

A Short List of Prefixes:

PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
de- from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease
dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear
ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion
il- not illegal, illogical
im- not, without impossible, improper
in- not, without inaction, invisible
mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace
non- not nonfiction, nonsense
pre- before prefix, prehistory
pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program
re- again, back react, reappear
un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual

 

Suffix
suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For example, the word flavorless consists of the root word “flavor” combined with the suffix “-less” [which means “without”]; the word “flavorless” means “having no flavor.”

A Short List of Suffixes:

SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
-able able to, having the quality of comfortable, portable
-al relating to annual, comical
-er comparative bigger, stronger
-est superlative strongest, tiniest
-ful full of beautiful, grateful
-ible forming an adjective reversible, terrible
-ily forming an adverb eerily, happily, lazily
-ing denoting an action, a material, or a gerund acting, showing
-less without, not affected by friendless, tireless
-ly forming an adjective clearly, hourly
-ness denoting a state or condition kindness, wilderness
-y full of, denoting a condition, or a diminutive glory, messy, victory,

Grammar- The past perfect tense

Tenses are forms of a verb that show the time, continuance or completion of an action or a state that is expressed in connection with the moment at which a statement is made about it.

The past perfect tense

The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken).

The past perfect tense describes an event that happened in the past before another event  was completed in the past. It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.

Uses of Past Perfect Tense
1. To show an action happened in the past before another event took place…

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