Introduction

Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. The particles of matter could be atoms, molecules or ions.

It is important to note that the particles that make up all matter vary in their subatomic composition. The number and arrangement of an atom’s particles (neutrons, protons, and electrons) determines the properties of the atom. … The behavior and interactions of atoms and molecules within a substance determine its physical state.

Ions

An ion is any atom or group of atoms which possesses an electric charge. There are two types of ions:

1. The positively charged ions or cations, examples are Na⁺, Ca⁺, Fe³⁺, NH₄⁺, etc.
2. The negatively charged ions or anions, examples are Cl^–, NO₃^–, OH^–, etc.

Atomic Structure

Atoms are made up of three sub-particles called electrons, protons and neutrons. The proton has positive (+ve) charge and a relative mass of 1 (using carbon -12 as standard). the electron has a negative (-ve) charge of the same magnitude as the positive charge on the proton, and negligible mass. The neutron has no charge but has a relative mass of 1. The characteristics of the neutron is the sum total of the proton and electron.

Proton  is located in the Nucleus, relative charge +, relative mass 1

Electron is located outside the Nucleus, relative charge -, relative mass 0.0005

Neutron is located in the Nucleus, relative charge zero, relative mass 1…

Read more here- https://passnownow.com/lesson/particulate-nature-of-matter/