Mathematics Lesson Notes JSS2 First Term
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK 1&2 WHOLE NUMBERS
WEEK 3: LCM AND HCF OF WHOLE NUMBERS
WEEK 4: FRACTIONS
WEEK 5: APPROXIMATION
WEEK 6: ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS – FACTORS AND FACTORIZATION
WEEK 7: ARITHMETIC IN THE HOME AND OFFICE
WEEK 9: JSS2 MATHEMATICS THIRD TERM: APPROXIMATION AND ESTIMATION
WEEK 9: DIRECTED NUMBERS – MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
WEEK 10: EXPANSION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Below are the 2022 complete JSS 2 Mathematics First Term Lesson Note
Lesson Note on Mathematics JSS 2 First term
Week 1 & 2
Topic: WHOLE NUMBERS
Factors and Prime factors (revision)
40 ÷ 8 = 5 and 40 ÷ 5 = 8
8 and 5 divide into 40 without remainder.
8 and 5 are factors of 40.
A prime number has only two factors, itself and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, … are prime numbers.
1 is not a prime number.
Standard form
Standard form is a way of writing down very large or very small numbers easily. 103 = 1000, so 4 × 103 = 4000 . So 4000 can be written as 4 × 10³ . This idea can be used to write even larger numbers down easily in standard form.
Small numbers can also be written in standard form. However, instead of the index being positive (in the above example, the index was 3), it will be negative. To learn more, click here
Week 3
Topic: LCM and HCF of Whole Numbers
Common factors
The number 12, 21 and 33 are all divisible by 3. We say that 3 is a common factor of 12, 21 33.
There may be more than one common factor of a set of numbers. For example, both 2 and 7 are common factors of 28, 42 and 70. Since 2 and 7 are common factors and are both prime numbers, then 14 (= 2 x 7) must also be a common factors of the set of numbers.
1 is a common factor of all numbers.
Lowest Common Multiples (LCM)
L.C.M is least common multiple, the smallest number which is exactly divisible by all the given numbers
There are two methods to find L.C.M of given numbers, they are:
- Prime factorization method.
- Division Method.
To learn more, click here
Week 4
Topic: Fractions
Expressing Fractions as Decimals, Ratio and Percentages
Converting Fractions to Ratios
To understand the relationship between fractions and ratios, consider a pizza cut into six slices. If you only one slice has pepperoni, then you could say the pizza is 1/6 pepperoni. The ratio between pepperoni and non-pepperoni slices is 1:6.
To convert a fraction to a ratio, first write down the numerator, or top number. Second, write a colon. Thirdly, write down the denominator, or bottom number. For example, the fraction 1/6 can be written as the ratio 1:6.
Changing a common fraction to a decimal fraction
Divide the numerator of the fraction by its denominator.
For example,
5/8 = 5.00 ÷ 8
=0.625 ( a terminating decimal) To learn more, click here
Week 5
Topic: Approximation
Rounding Off to Decimal Places
When numbers are rounded off, the digit s 1, 2, 3, 4 are rounded down the and the digits 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are rounded up.
Round off 124.25 a. to two significant figures b. to one decimal place .
- 25 = 120 to 2 s.f.
- 25 = 124.3 to 1 d.p
Rounding off to the nearest whole number
Rules for rounding decimals to the nearest whole number:
- To round a decimal to the nearest whole number analyze the digit at the first decimal place i.e., tenths place.
- If the tenths place value is 5 or greater than 5, then the digit at the ones place increases by 1 and the digits at the tenths place and thereafter becomes 0. To learn more, click here
Week 6
Topic: Algebraic Expressions – Factors and Factorization
Definition of Algebraic Expression
In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) For example, {\displaystyle 3x^{2}-2xy+c} is an algebraic expression. Since taking the square root is the same as raising to the power.
Remember that in algebra, letters can be whole or fractional, positive or negative.
- Just as 5a is short for 5 x a, so – 5a is short for (-5) x a.{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}}{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {1-x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}}
- Just as m is short for 1 x m, so – m is short for (-1 ) x m. To learn more, click here
Week 7
Topic: ARITHMETIC IN THE HOME AND OFFICE
Personal Arithmetic
Interest
Bankers want people to save money. They give extra payments to encourage saving. The extra money is called interest.
For example, a person saves N10 000 in a bank for a year. If the interest rate is 8% per annum (i.e. 8% per year), the saver will have N10 800 at the end of the year: the original N10 000 plus N800 interest from the bank. Interest that is paid like this is called simple interest.
Example
Find the simple interest on N60 000 for 5 years at 9% per annum.
Yearly interest = 9% of N60 000
= 9/100 X N60 000 = N5 400
Interest for 5 years = N5 400 X 5 = N27 000
To learn more, click here
Week 8
Topic: APPROXIMATION AND ESTIMATION
Rounding off numbers
To ’round off’ or ‘approximate’ a number to a desired degree of accuracy, we
a. round the number up if the next digit is 5 or more
b. round the number down if the next digit is less than 5.
We represent approximately equal to as and approximately as ‘~’
Examples:
1. 73 is close to 70 if approximating to or rounding in “tens”. So
73 ~ 70 (Read as 73 is approximately equal to 70) To learn more, click here
Week 9
Topic: DIRECTED NUMBERS – MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
Adding and Subtracting Direct numbers
Numbers can be shown on a number line which extends above and below zero. This gives positive and negative numbers.
The signs + and – show the direction from 0. Positive and negative numbers are called directed numbers.
To add a positive number, move to the right on the number line.
Example
(+1) + (+3) = +4
(-3) + (+5) = +2
To subtract a positive number, move to the left on the number line. To learn more, click here
Week 11
Topic: EXPANSION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Directed algebraic terms
Remember that in algebra, letters stand for numbers. The number can be whole or fractional, positive or negative.
1. Just as 5a is short for 5 x a, so -5a is short for (-5) x a.
2. Just as m is short for 1 x m, so –m is short for (-1) x m.
3. Algebraic terms and numbers can be multiplied together. For example,
4 X (-3x) = (+4) x (-3) X x
To learn more, click here