Lesson Note on Agricultural Science JSS2 Second Term
Second Term Scheme of Work for JSS2 Agricultural Science
WEEK 1&2 SOIL FERTILITY
WEEK 3 FEEDS AND FEEDING
WEEK 4 FARMING SYSTEMS
WEEK 5 CROPPING SYSTEMS
WEEK 6 FISHERY
WEEK 7 FARM ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
WEEK 8 MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
WEEK 9 SOIL CONSERVATION
WEEK 10 FARM ANIMAL PARASITES
WEEK 11 DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS
JSS2 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note
Below are the 2022 Complete JSS2 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note
Week 1 & 2
Topic: SOIL FERTILITY
Contents:
What is Soil Fertility?
Plant Nutrients
Ways of Maintaining Soil Fertility
A. What is Soil Fertility?
Soil fertility is the ability of the soil to apply all the necessary soil nutrients required by the plants for its growth and development in the right proportion and absolveable form.
Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil related to plants its ease of tillage, the fitness of seedbed, and impedance to seedling emergence and root penetration by providing nutrients and suitable soil structure to support the plants/trees’ growth. To learn more, Click here
Week 3
Topic: Feeds and Feeding
Introduction
Animals are fed with different kinds of feeds which vary in composition and use. These feeds can be broadly classified into two: concentrates and roughages.
Concentrates
These are high-energy-giving foods with low fibre content and are therefore easily digested. Concentrate may be high in energy or protein. Concentrates have high nutritive value because they are important sources of proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins. To learn more, Click here
Week 4
Topic: Farming Systems
Introduction
“Farming system” therefore designates a set of agricultural activities organized while preserving land productivity, and environmental quality and maintaining a desirable level of biological diversity and ecological stability. The emphasis is more on a system rather than on gross output.
In other words “farming system” is a resource management strategy to achieve economically and sustain agricultural production to meet diverse requirements of the farm household while preserving the resource base and maintaining high environmental quality.
The farming systems consist of several enterprises like cropping system, dairying, piggery, poultry, fishery, bee, keeping etc. these enterprises are interrelated. The end product and wastes of one enterprise are used as inputs in others. The waste of dairying like dung, urine, and refuse. To learn more, Click here
Week 5
Topic: Cropping Systems
Introduction
The various systems used by farmers for crop production include
Monocropping (Sole Cropping) – This is the practice of growing one type of crop and harvesting it before planting another on the same piece of land. In this system, annual crops are mostly planted and the same type of crop may not necessarily be planted every year.
Advantages of Monocropping
- It leads to specialization as the farmer becomes an expert in all farming operations involved in the process
- It makes room for efficient use of farm labour
- It is easy to mechanize the crop production
- It is easy to apply fertilizers and control pests and diseases. To learn more, Click here
Week 6
Topic: Fishery
Introduction
A fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish. Fish are the most plentiful of all aquatic animals. They are specifically adapted to live all their lives in water and therefore cannot be raised on land without water. The streamlined shape of their bodies helps them to move easily in the water and their swim bladder helps them to keep afloat and maintain balance in the water.
Classification of Fish
Classification based on habitat – two groups
Freshwater fishes – They live in freshwater (water without salt). Examples of fresh water are ponds, streams, lakes, and rivers. Examples of fish are tilapia, carp, trout, and mudfish.
Saltwater fishes – They live in salt water (water that contains salt). Examples of salt water are lagoons, seas, and oceans. Examples of fishes are mackerel, tilapia, sharks, rays, and eels. To learn more, Click here
Week 7
Topic: Farm Animal Husbandry
Introduction
Animal husbandry is the management and care of farm animals by human beings, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed. Animal husbandry is the proper management of farm animals to maximize production. This includes proper housing, feeding, and health care management. Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.
Importance of Animal Husbandry
- To increase the production of milk
- To increase the production of eggs
- To increase the production of meat
- To increase the production of fish
- To utilize the animal wastes properly. To learn more, Click here
Week 8
Topic: Management Requirement in Animal Husbandry
Housing – Ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep can thrive well on pasture with little or no other feed supplement. They do not require special housing arrangements. In an intensive system, they may be provided with sheds which are designed to protect them from adverse weather conditions. In pig production, there are both intensive and extensive systems. In an intensive system, pigs are housed well in houses called pens. In this system, pigs are clean because their movement is restricted. The floor is made of concrete to control the internal parasite. The roof may be thatched or asbestos sheet.
In other systems, pigs may be kept in fenced areas with pasture to graze or they may be allowed to freely roam freely to search for their foods. In poultry production, there are intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems of management. In intensive two types of houses are used, the battery cage and the deep litter cage. In battery cages, poultry birds are confined to cages which may be metal or wood. Feeding and drinking troughs are attached to the cages to allow food and water. To learn more, Click here
Week 9
Topic: Soil Conservation
Conservation can be defined as a wisely planned use of any natural resources in order to avoid exploitation, destruction and neglect. It aims at providing maximum returns from a resource by avoiding waste and depletion through restoration and improvement at all times
Soil Conservation refers to the intelligent use of soil so that enough plant nutrients are available to plants for growth and production at all times. It prevents or reduces loss of plant nutrients from soil erosion, excessive leaching and other poor land management practices. To learn more, Click here
Week 10
Topic: Farm Animal Parasites
Introduction
A parasite is an organism which lives in and derives all its nourishment such as food, shelter and protection from another organism called the host giving back nothing in return. Only the parasites derive benefit from the association while the host suffers inconveniences or may be injured or harmed in the process. A parasite is an organism living in or on another organism called the host. The host is usually bigger and stronger than the parasite. The parasite derives benefits from the host while the host is harmed or injured during the association. Endoparasite is a parasite that lives inside the host e.g. tapeworm, and liver fluke while Ectoparasite lives outside the host e.g ticks, lice, and mites.To learn more, Click here
Week 11
Topic: Disease-Causing Organisms
Introduction
Disease-causing organisms are living organisms which are capable of causing disease in other living organisms. They are generally known as pathogens.
Diseases can be defined as the absence of normal health due to infection, nutritional deficiency and imbalance, hereditary and functional disorders as well as injuries. Diseases can also be described as any disturbance in the normal life or body function of an organism which may affect a particular organ or the whole body and sometimes leads to reduced growth, production or premature death. To learn more, Click here