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THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS3 BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE

What is basic science as a subject?

The word “basic” refers to something necessary and most important to everyone. Basic science as an integrated science course is a subject that deals with the study of living things and non-living things. It also combines all other science subjects such as physics, biology, health science, agricultural science, geography, etc.

 

Scheme Of Work.

Week One: Simple Machine 

Week Two: Metabolism In The Human Body

Week Three: Sense Organs 

Week Four: Resources From Living Things 

Week Five: Soil

Week Six: Ethical Issues In Science and Development

Week Seven: Family Life Education (Teenage Pregnancy )

Week Eight: Radioactivity

Week Nine: Family Health Education (Abortion)

Week Nine: Basic Electronics

 

Week One Topic: Simple Machine 

Introduction

A machine is any instrument you use to make work easier. Any device that makes it easier for us to do work is a machine. The purpose of a machine is to do work more conveniently. The purpose of a machine is to make life easier for you and me. Simple machines only have one part and are used to exert or direct a force. As machines get more complicated they have an increasing number of parts that all work together to do a job.

Types of Simple Machine

Basic machines from which all others are made up are:

The Lever

The inclined plane

Others include the screw, the wedge, the pulley, and the wheel and axle. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Two Topic: Metabolism In The Human Body

Introduction

Metabolism is described as a chemical reaction in the body. Food substances are taken into the mouth. In the mouth, the food materials are chewed with the teeth, mixed with the saliva and rolled down the oesophagus into the stomach. The digested food diffuses into the bloodstream through the villus on the walls of the small intestine. The absorbed food circulates to various parts of the body through the bloodstream for metabolic processes. The unabsorbed food materials, however, go out of the body from the large intestine through the anus. To learn more: Click here

Digestion of Food

Digestion is the process by which complex food materials are broken down into smaller particles, with the aid of enzymes and juice produced by specialized cells and glands so that the body can absorb them. Digestion of food starts from the mouth. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Three Topic: Sense Organs 

Introduction

There are five sense organs in the mammalian body, namely: the eyes, the nose, the tongue, the ears and the skin. They are very sensitive to external and internal stimuli.

The Eye

This is the organ for seeing (sight). With our eyes, we can see things in their varying colours, shapes, sizes, etc. We have two eyes (a pair of eyes) that enable us to have a wide vision. This is called binocular vision (bi means double). To learn more: Click here

Week Four: Topic Resources From Living Things 

Meaning of Reproductive Health

Reproductive health is the ability of people to have a satisfying and safe sex life and the capability to reproduce as well as the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.

Significance of Reproductive Health

Reproductive health is significant because it promotes good sexual health which enhances life and personal relations. It is also a prerequisite for social, economic and human development i.e. human energy and creativity are the driving force of development and this cannot be generated by a sick person. It sets the stage for health beyond the reproductive years for both men and women. Similarly, the health of a newborn is largely a function of the mother’s health, nutritional status and access to good health care.  To learn more: Click here

Week Five Topic: Soil

Introduction

Soil is the upper layer of the earth on which we build houses, plant food crops, etc. All soils are mixtures of different sizes of particles. soil contains mineral salts for plant growth and some animals live in the soil.

Types of Soil

There are three types of soil. These are:

Sandy soil,

Loamy soil and

Clayey soil.

Each soil type has its characteristic properties. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Six Topic: Ethical Issues In Science and Development

Introduction

Over the years science has developed many processes and products which have conferred on the subject the formidable stature it has at the present time. Science could be used productively, such as in the production of food, curing diseases, earning income for nations and individuals, gainful employment, etc. Science could be used destructively, such as in atomic bomb production, poisons, nuclear war, production of weapons of war and mass destruction, abortions, etc. The view of science, even in the circumstances given above as either productive or destructive, depends on which side one is considering. It should be emphasized here that when a scientist invents or discovers a thing, he/she does not do it with the intention of causing harm or fear. He does it to reveal or document what is possible or what has been happening. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Seven Topic: Family Life Education (Teenage Pregnancy )

Contents:

The implication of Teenage Pregnancy

Myths and facts about Pregnancy

Teenage Pregnancy

This is an unintended pregnancy during adolescence and it occurs in females under the of age 20. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy-related issues as other women.  There are, however, additional concerns for those under 15 of age as they are less likely to be physically developed enough to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth. It is common that at this age, the girl has not completed her education and is completely dependent upon her parents thus unable to provide for the unborn child. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Eight Topic: Radioactivity

Introduction

Radioactivity is the disposition of certain elements to send out rays on their own. This makes the nuclei break down. It also refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two stronger forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation. The most common types of radiation are called alpha, beta and gamma radiation, but there are several other varieties of radioactive decay. The atom has a nucleus around which electrons revolve. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. A proton has a positive electric charge while the neutron is neutral i.e. it has no charge. The electron has a given negative electric charge. When a radioactive element sends out rays, the structure of its atoms changes, in some cases the number of electrons revolving around the nucleus reduces. To learn more: Click here

 

Week Nine Topic: Family Health Education (Abortion)

Abortion

Abortion is the removal of pregnancy tissue, products of conception or the fetus and placenta (afterbirth) from the uterus. It can also be defined as the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, “induced miscarriage”.

Reasons for Abortion

Failure of Contraceptives or Birth control.

To end an unwanted pregnancy or teenage pregnancy.

Inability to support or care for a child.

Pregnancy resulting from rape or incest.

Poverty

To learn more: Click here

Week Ten Topic: Basic Emission Theory

Outline:

Basic emission theory

Types of emission devices

Basic Emission Theory –

If we provide energy to an electrode then the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of the metal gain enough energy to eject from the surface of that metal or electrode. This process is called electronic emission.

The term emission means the dislodgement or displacement of electrons from a material with the intention of directing such emitted electrons to a predetermined position or object.

When electrons are displaced from the outermost layer of an atom of any material, they form free electrons and emission takes place. The continuous movement or drifting of such free electrons constitutes the flow of electric current. These free electrons also form the basis of operations of both electronic and electrical devices. To learn more: Click here

 

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