What is basic science as a subject?
The word “basic” refers to something necessary and most important to everyone. Basic science as an integrated science course is a subject that deals with the study of living things and non-living things. It also combines all other science subjects such as physics, biology, health science, agricultural science, geography, etc.
Scheme Of Work.
Week One: Simple Machine
Week Two: Metabolism In The Human Body
Week Three: Sense Organs
Week Four: Resources From Living Things
Week Five: Soil
Week Six: Ethical Issues In Science and Development
Week Seven: Family Life Education (Teenage Pregnancy )
Week Eight: Radioactivity
Week Nine: Family Health Education (Abortion)
Week Nine: Basic Electronics
Week One Topic: Simple Machine
Introduction
A machine is any instrument you use to make work easier. Any device that makes it easier for us to do work is a machine. The purpose of a machine is to do work more conveniently. The purpose of a machine is to make life easier for you and me. Simple machines only have one part and are used to exert or direct a force. As machines get more complicated they have an increasing number of parts that all work together to do a job.
Types of Simple Machine
Basic machines from which all others are made up are:
The Lever
The inclined plane
Others include the screw, the wedge, the pulley, and the wheel and axle. To learn more: Click here
Week Two Topic: Metabolism In The Human Body
Introduction
Metabolism is described as a chemical reaction in the body. Food substances are taken into the mouth. In the mouth, the food materials are chewed with the teeth, mixed with the saliva and rolled down the oesophagus into the stomach. The digested food diffuses into the bloodstream through the villus on the walls of the small intestine. The absorbed food circulates to various parts of the body through the bloodstream for metabolic processes. The unabsorbed food materials, however, go out of the body from the large intestine through the anus. To learn more: Click here
Digestion of Food
Digestion is the process by which complex food materials are broken down into smaller particles, with the aid of enzymes and juice produced by specialized cells and glands so that the body can absorb them. Digestion of food starts from the mouth. To learn more: Click here
Week Three Topic: Sense Organs
Introduction
There are five sense organs in the mammalian body, namely: the eyes, the nose, the tongue, the ears and the skin. They are very sensitive to external and internal stimuli.
The Eye
This is the organ for seeing (sight). With our eyes, we can see things in their varying colours, shapes, sizes, etc. We have two eyes (a pair of eyes) that enable us to have a wide vision. This is called binocular vision (bi means double). To learn more: Click here
Week Four: Topic Resources From Living Things
Meaning of Reproductive Health
Reproductive health is the ability of people to have a satisfying and safe sex life and the capability to reproduce as well as the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
Significance of Reproductive Health
Reproductive health is significant because it promotes good sexual health which enhances life and personal relations. It is also a prerequisite for social, economic and human development i.e. human energy and creativity are the driving force of development and this cannot be generated by a sick person. It sets the stage for health beyond the reproductive years for both men and women. Similarly, the health of a newborn is largely a function of the mother’s health, nutritional status and access to good health care. To learn more: Click here
Week Five Topic: Soil
Introduction
Soil is the upper layer of the earth on which we build houses, plant food crops, etc. All soils are mixtures of different sizes of particles. soil contains mineral salts for plant growth and some animals live in the soil.
Types of Soil
There are three types of soil. These are:
Sandy soil,
Loamy soil and
Clayey soil.
Each soil type has its characteristic properties. To learn more: Click here
Week Six Topic: Ethical Issues In Science and Development
Introduction
Over the years science has developed many processes and products which have conferred on the subject the formidable stature it has at the present time. Science could be used productively, such as in the production of food, curing diseases, earning income for nations and individuals, gainful employment, etc. Science could be used destructively, such as in atomic bomb production, poisons, nuclear war, production of weapons of war and mass destruction, abortions, etc. The view of science, even in the circumstances given above as either productive or destructive, depends on which side one is considering. It should be emphasized here that when a scientist invents or discovers a thing, he/she does not do it with the intention of causing harm or fear. He does it to reveal or document what is possible or what has been happening. To learn more: Click here
Week Seven Topic: Family Life Education (Teenage Pregnancy )
Contents:
The implication of Teenage Pregnancy
Myths and facts about Pregnancy
Teenage Pregnancy
This is an unintended pregnancy during adolescence and it occurs in females under the of age 20. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy-related issues as other women. There are, however, additional concerns for those under 15 of age as they are less likely to be physically developed enough to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth. It is common that at this age, the girl has not completed her education and is completely dependent upon her parents thus unable to provide for the unborn child. To learn more: Click here
Week Eight Topic: Radioactivity
Introduction
Radioactivity is the disposition of certain elements to send out rays on their own. This makes the nuclei break down. It also refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two stronger forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation. The most common types of radiation are called alpha, beta and gamma radiation, but there are several other varieties of radioactive decay. The atom has a nucleus around which electrons revolve. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. A proton has a positive electric charge while the neutron is neutral i.e. it has no charge. The electron has a given negative electric charge. When a radioactive element sends out rays, the structure of its atoms changes, in some cases the number of electrons revolving around the nucleus reduces. To learn more: Click here
Week Nine Topic: Family Health Education (Abortion)
Abortion
Abortion is the removal of pregnancy tissue, products of conception or the fetus and placenta (afterbirth) from the uterus. It can also be defined as the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, “induced miscarriage”.
Reasons for Abortion
Failure of Contraceptives or Birth control.
To end an unwanted pregnancy or teenage pregnancy.
Inability to support or care for a child.
Pregnancy resulting from rape or incest.
Poverty
To learn more: Click here
Week Ten Topic: Basic Emission Theory
Outline:
Basic emission theory
Types of emission devices
Basic Emission Theory –
If we provide energy to an electrode then the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of the metal gain enough energy to eject from the surface of that metal or electrode. This process is called electronic emission.
The term emission means the dislodgement or displacement of electrons from a material with the intention of directing such emitted electrons to a predetermined position or object.
When electrons are displaced from the outermost layer of an atom of any material, they form free electrons and emission takes place. The continuous movement or drifting of such free electrons constitutes the flow of electric current. These free electrons also form the basis of operations of both electronic and electrical devices. To learn more: Click here
