Introduction 

The transformations of energy in an ecosystem begin first with the input of energy from the sun. Energy from the sun is captured by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen (derived from the splitting of water molecules) to produce carbohydrates (CHO). Energy is stored in the high energy bonds of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.

Energy Loss in the Ecosystem

The solar radiation is used by plants during photosynthesis. Some are lost to the earth’s surface while some are stored in plants’ parts stems, leaves, etc. and are not used up.

LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 

First Law of Thermodynamics

The law states that energy can neither be lost nor created especially as it is converted from one form to another.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The law states that no energy transformation is 100% efficient, since some are lost in form of heat.

Decomposition in Nature

Decomposers are organisms, mainly bacteria and saprophytes responsible for the breaking down of dead organic materials which could be of plants or animals origin. These decomposers are grouped into two classes:

1. Micro-decomposers: These are small or microscopic organisms that can cause decay, e.g. certain bacteria and fungi.
2. Macro-decomposers: These are bigger organisms that can cause decay of dead organic materials, e.g. earthworms, termites, snails, mushroom, toad stools, etc.

Process of Decomposition

The decomposers secrete enzymes onto their food source such as decaying plant. These enzymes break down complex organic compounds (food) like carbohydrates and proteins into simple soluble inorganic compounds.

Roles of Decomposers in Ecosystem

1. Decomposers play major roles in the ecosystem in the following ways:
2. They enrich the soil with nutrients required for plant growth…

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SS1 Biology Third Term: Energy Transformation In Nature