Introduction A salt is an ionic compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is partly or completely replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion. All salts are chemically and electrically neutral. Example: Diagram above shows that when the hydrogen ion in nitric acid is replaced by Na+, Ca2+, NH4+ or Al3+ ions, salts
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Introduction A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data. As such, measures of central tendency are sometimes called measures of central location. They are also classed as summary statistics. The mean (often called the average) is
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Introduction The tangent is one of the three basic trigonometric functions, the other two being sine and cosine. These functions are essential to the study of triangles and relate the angles of the triangle to its sides. The simplest definition of the tangent uses the ratios of the sides of a right triangle, and modern
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Geometrical Construction Using ruler and compasses Remember the following when making geometrical constructions. 1. Use a hard pencil with a sharp point. This gives thin lines which are more accurate. 2. Check that your ruler has good straight edge. A damaged ruler is useless for construction work. 3. Check that your compasses are not too
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Introduction Good presentation can make statistical data easy to read, understand and interpret. Therefore it is important to present data clearly. i. There are two main ways of presenting data: presentation of numbers or values in lists and tables; ii. Presentation using graphs, i.e. picture. We use the following examples to show the various kinds
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Sunlight is often called white light, since it is a combination of all the visible colors. Since the index of refraction is different for each color, the angle of refraction will be different for each color when the light passes from air into glass or other transparent material. This is according to Snell’s Law. Now
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History of Computer The development of the first counting device has been dated to ancient times, a man called abacus used a counting device about 3000 years ago and from this time and man has continued to improve. Ancient methods of counting were through the use of fingers, stones, sticks and grains. The history of
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Rounding off Numbers To ’round off’ or ‘approximate’ a number to a desired degree of accuracy, we- a. round the number up if the next digit is 5 or more b. round the number down if the next digit is less than 5. We represent approximately equal to as and approximately as ‘~’ Examples: 1. 73 is close to
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Introduction to Application Software Application software is any tool that functions and is operated by the means of a computer with the purpose of supporting or improving the software user’s work. It is used for the implementation of the computer user’s work. Types of Application Software It is divided into two which are (i) User
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It is important to remember to do the following when making geometrical constructions- 1. Use a hard pencil with a sharp point. This gives thin lines which are more accurate. 2. Check that your ruler has good straight edge. A damaged ruler is useless for construction work. 3. Check that your compasses are not too
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